![]() As a result, it was greatly contributed to the form of Standard English as it developed during the Elizabethan Era (Kaiser, Rolf). It became standardised about the 1430s, and served a clear form of English. The Chancery Standard was developed during the reign of King Henry V, he wanted for his Chancery (government officials) to use English rather that Anglo-Norman or Latin. It is the translation from Late Middle English to Early Modern English. Chancery Standard was a written form of English use by the government and for other official purposes during the 15th century. Printing began in England in the 1470s, which stabilised the language, and the era Modern English was under way. Toward the end of the 15th century more modern English was starting to emerge. Late Middle English also marks the beginning of the standardization, the complete replacement of French by English as the official, legal, and parliamentary language, and the rise in literacy. When vowels occurred at the end of a word and were unstressed, they were completely lost in dialects, and since all word endings often had grammatical importance the grammar changed as well. Late Middle English was the period of pronunciation change in a complex process commonly referred to as the Great Vowel Shift. Another one of Norman influences is that a word of Anglo-Saxon origin and one of the French origins often meant the same thing. ![]() Since the Normans were the ruling class, many of the new words reflected power, such as castle, prison, and court. About 10 000 new words were added to the English language by the Normans. French than became the language of the courts and the upper class and English was spoken in the native population ( ). For two centuries French was the official language of England. The Normans brought many new words to improve the English language. When the English council of elders chose Harold II as the king, the Duke attacked and defeated the Anglo-Saxons at the Battle of Hastings, becoming England’s first Norman king, William I ( ). When King Edward died in 1066, the Duke of Normandy claimed to the English throne. Not only was the Battle of Hastings one of the history’s most memorable conquest it made an enormous impact on the English language during the Middle English period. One of the most popular events that occurred during the Middle English was the Battle of Hastings in 1066. ![]() At the end of the Early Middle English, English remained, after all, the language of most of the population. The complex system of endings which Old English had was gradually lost or simplified in the dialects of the spoken Middle English. The new English language did not sound the same as the Old English, undergoing changes in vocabulary. Bit by bit, the wealthy and government anglicised again, although Norman remained the dominant language of literature and law for a few centuries. The grammatical number “dual” also disappeared from the English language during the Early Middle English, further simplifying the language. ![]() To this day the Old English genitive “es” in many words – we call it now “possevive” (Encyclopaedia Britannica, Paragraph 1).īut most of the other case word endings disappear in the Early Middle English period, including most of the one dozen forms of the word the. The grammatical relations that were expressed in Old English were replaced in the Early Middle English with constructions with prepositions. Early Middle English had a large Norman vocabulary, but it was greatly simplified. Also, a series of events took place in Middle English that forever changed the English language. Late Middle English was the spread of the London dialect. Central Middle English was marked by the gradual formation of literary dialects. Early Middle English still contained the Old English system of writing. Middle English can be divided into three periods: Early, Central, and Late. Middle English develops out of the late Old English in Norman England. Although, slowly, the dialect spoken in London was becoming the standard. Dialect diversity was major in this period that people from one part of England could not understand people in another part. Middle English played an important role in the history of the English language. Role of Middle English in the History of the English Language
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